The sepoys mutinied, attacking and killing their British officers. The sepoys refused to use them: the Hindus because they considered the cow sacred the Muslims because they considered the pig unclean. To load a cartridge, one had to bite off the greased tip. Word spread that the grease was beef and pork fat. A new type of greased cartridge was issued for the sepoys’ Enfield rifles. Within their army, the British officers had little respect for their Indian soldiers or sepoys, and in some cases promoted their conversion to Christianity.Ī relatively simple incident triggered the massive revolt. Its British-run police and law courts were inadequate or corrupt. Its economic policies made most people poor. It took over previously independent kingdoms within India. Many Indians were unhappy with the Company. A huge uprising in 1857 led to the direct and official takeover of India by the British government. The East India Company dominated India until the 1850s. The yellow areas, called “Princely States,” had local Indian rulers who answered to the British. The red areas were under direct British control. But it would take a century to achieve this goal.
#Sepoy mutiny definition industrial revolution free
Indians rightly concluded that their ancient land-Bharat Mata, “Mother India”-had the same right as America and France to be free and independent. They learned how the French gained freedom by overthrowing their king in 1789. They read, in English, how the American colonies banded together in 1776 to free themselves from Britain and establish a democracy. Indians excelled in the new education system, with unintended results. But a century of British rule drove a wealthy and vital India into poverty and weakness.īritain introduced English education in 1835 to strengthen its power. In the 19th century, the British did bring notable advances of the Industrial Revolution to India. While England profited from its colonies, the colonies suffered oppression and disease. But it was then a firm belief of most Englishmen. The English defended their conquests by claiming that they were a superior race with a noble mission: to spread Western civilization.
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England’s colonies included India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, Singapore and hundreds of other territories large and small worldwide. Other colonies, such as India, were first opened through trade and commerce which eventually led to their foreign economic domination and political control. They then settled the land with immigrants from their own countries.
The conquerors drove out or killed the native peoples, whom they regarded as subhuman. Many colonies, such as in North America and in Australia, were created by military conquest. Powerful nations, including England, Spain, Portugal, France and Holland, had used their financial and military power to establish colonies in Asia, Africa and the Americas. In 1858 India became a colony of the British Empire. Understanding ColonialismĪs we learned in the last lesson, the British East India Company came to dominate India through its clever use of political strategy, intrigue and military force. Starting in the 19th century, people developed political sentiments for their country as a whole and promoted a national identity. They were less concerned about the country they shared with others. Before the 19th century, people felt loyalty to their regional ruler and culture. B UILDING B ACKGROUND: Nationalism or patriotism is love and devotion to one’s country.
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